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Transcript: Chapter 11 Section 2 and 3 Northern Cities Problems in Cities The Growth of Northern Industry Agriculture Transportation Revolution New Wave of Immigrants African Americans in the North 2 events changed life in the south Slave Labor Defending Slavery African Americans in the South Restrictions The Plantation South Section 3 North wanted to ban slavery, but this just hardened southern support for slavery. 1860 there are now 4 million slaves in the united State. Southerners said that slavery was more humane than free labor, slaves would not be unemployed. Baltimore and Ohio were the firts Railroads built in 1828 Many employers would rather hire white immigrants. They will move to the Ohio valley and the Great Lake region. 2. A new invention allows South to satisfy this demand. This will lead to segregation in schools and public facilities, African Americans will form their own churches, 1816 in Philadelphia free slaves start the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Cities on east coast are becoming crowded so new immigrants moved west. Isaac Singer improved his design, the sewing machine will change clothing production. 1808 it is now illegal to import slaves into the United States. Excluded from menial jobs, children denied right to attend public school. "One finds in the streets of New York dead cats and dogs, which make the air very bad; and ashes are thrown out into the streets, which are swept perhaps once every two weks." Filthy streets, no real sewage system, and no clean water. Manufacturing Ireland was ruled by the British, and the potato was the staple food for the population. Contributions by Norbert Rillieux for refining sugar, and Henry Blair for his seed planting device that made great contributions to the South. Free slaves were often caught and sold into slavery. 1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin, before workers could seed a pound of cotton a day. 1790 one and a half million pounds, 1820 11 million pounds are being produced. 1790- 698,000 slaves were in the United States. Most immigrants were laying railroad track, and took low quilifying jobs. The thresher was also enhanced Louisville, German and Irish immigrants will populate this city to 43,000 by 1850. It is now larger than Washington D.C. 1800's slavery practically eliminated in the north but African Americans were still discriminated against. The thresher and the mechanical reaper would be combined to what is now called the combine. The telegraph and morse code, created by Samuel F.B. Morse. 1840 3,000 miles of railway track has been built New York's population in 1790 was 33,000 1 Million starved to death, 1 Million would leave Ireland for America. More than half of southern farmers did not own slaves, they grew corn and raised hogs and chickens. This will increase the output of cotton to 50 pounds a day. Uses long and short bursts of electricit, each letter of the alphabet has its own mix of short signals and long signals. Nat Turner will rebel in 1831 and killed 60 whites, from a vision that told him to do it. Not all southern states were the same and depended on slavery. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's population grew to 23,000 people in 1840, ten years later it would double. 1. Boom in textiles caused by industrial revolution, creates huge demand for cotton. Ireland Reaction to Immigrants Many white newspapers made African Americans look inferior. First African American owned publication was the Freedom Journal which was established in 1827. Some Americans were worried about the growing foreign population, these people were called nativists. Industrial Revolution spurs urbanization, growth cities due to movement of people from rural regions to cities. 1846 Elias How patents a machine that could sew seams in fabric. In 1856, they would run a candidate for President and he would win 21% of the vote. They would then split and dissolve over slavery. Separates grains of wheat from the stalk. In 1845 a fungus would destroy the potato crop, leading to famine. Years that follow will be called the great hunger. Railroads Most buildings were made of wook so fires were common. This will make farmers settle prairies in the Midwest quickly. This machine allow farmers to cut wheat stalk much faster than a human worker could. Cyrus McCormick invents the mechanical reaper 1830 Peter Cooper builds first American steam locomotive New York secret group called Know Nothings form a political group. 253,000 (6%) African Americans were free 1807 Robert Fulton, would use a steam engine to power a boat, named the Clermont. Kentucky court rules a slave is not treated as a person but a .....thing. The Cotton Gin Did the most to tie together raw materials, manufacturers, and markets. Looked as valued property so they need to be kept healthy and productive. John B. Russwurm one of the first African Americans to graduate from and American college. Cotton will enrich planters in the South, and bankers and shipowners in the North. German Failed revolutions against
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